Garlic is one of my favorite vegetables to grow because I use it so much in my cooking. I love that each head of hardneck garlic I plant in the fall gives me two harvests. The first harvest is the long, loopy garlic scape in the spring. Then, a few weeks later, I pull the garlic bulbs to dry and store through the fall and winter. In this article I share advice on timing for snipping garlic scapes (plus a link to my favorite recipe!), harvesting garlic, and storing it. I also explain green garlic with a tip to ensure you can harvest it year after year.

I usually spread my garlic crop out over a couple of my raised beds. If I still need space, I’ll pop a few extra here and there in an ornamental garden. I generally plant hardneck garlic, because it’s better suited to the climate where I live. For warmer climates, there is also softneck garlic. We have an article that explains the differences between hardneck and softneck garlic.

Before we talk about when to harvest garlic, let’s first discuss how to harvest garlic scapes and ensure they don’t go to waste!

When to harvest garlic scapes

Garlic scapes in my cold climate garden usually start to make their appearance sometime in June (this may differ if you’re in a different growing zone). Not all of my varieties are always ready at the same time, which is nice because I can harvest garlic scapes in batches and enjoy them for longer.

Garlic scapes are easy to discern from the rest of the plant because they kind of look like green onions with a long elf hat (the bulbil) at the end. You’ll know your scapes are ready to pick when they form a spiral. Simply cut the scape (I use my garden scissors) at the base where it comes out of the stalk. If the scapes become straight, after they’ve gone through their curling phase, they’re past their prime. They’ll be tougher than a younger fresh scape and taste more bitter.

Once I have a handful of scapes, I usually whip them into garlic scape pesto (some of which I’ll freeze in ice cube trays to enjoy later). I snip off the “elf hats” and simply use the stalk. If you don’t cut your scapes and leave them on the plant, the bulbils turn into flowers and seeds. Even if you don’t intend to eat your garlic scapes, it’s still a good idea to snip them at the base of their stalk so that all the energy can go back into growing the bulb underground for your second harvest.

When to harvest garlic

After you cut the garlic scapes, you have about a month or so until the garlic itself is ready. Keep an eye on your garlic as you’ll see some of the bottom leaves start to die back. The tips of the leaves may also start to turn yellow and brown in color. When there are two dry dead leaves at the base of the plant with a third starting to die, this is when you should pull your garlic.

It may be hard to see the first leaf. The bulb is wrapped in several leaf layers. As a leaf dies, the soil bacteria help it to decompose.

How to harvest garlic

The best way to remove a garlic bulb depends on the variety you’ve planted. For Turban, Artichoke, and Silverskin varieties, you might want to use a sturdy trowel or even a small shovel. Make sure you place the tip of your tool slightly away from where the bulb is. You don’t want to damage it underground. Gently lift the soil beneath the bulb. Usually this nudges the bulb up a bit, loosening the soil enough to pull the stalk. Gently remove excess dirt, being careful not to bruise the bulb. Bruising affects the storage life.

If the soil seems reasonably loose, I’ll try pulling hardneck varieties, like Rocambole and Porcelain, because the stalks are super-thick and sturdy. You want to avoid breaking off the stalk because then you’ll need to go searching underground. Without a winter mulch, I’ve found myself before with a broken stalk in my hand and a clove of garlic still hiding beneath the soil.

Sometimes the soil and bulbs need a little coaxing. I’ve found that when I mulch my raised bed with straw in the fall, the soil is much looser than if I just leave the bed exposed for the winter.

Gently place the garlic in the shade until you are ready to move it to the place where you will dry it.

What if you pull garlic too early?

It’s sometimes hard to know if a smaller head of garlic will keep growing, even if the bottom three leaves have died away. There is a rapid growth stage just before garlic is ready to harvest, so a few days could make a significant difference. But then sometimes a bulb is just going to be a runt no matter what.

Keeping squirrels away from your garlic

Even if though they don’t like garlic, squirrels seem to have special radar for disturbed garden soil. I’ve gone out to the garden to find a perfectly good clove laying on top of the soil. A layer of straw mulch helps to deter rodents. You can also lightly sprinkle hen manure over the site to deter squirrels.

Drying and storing garlic

Curing garlic basically means drying it out. You want lots of air flow and a cool place to cure it. Drying racks are great options because you can use them for other veggies and herbs, as well. I made my own drying rack out of screen stapled to a scrap wood frame. I place it on a stack of bricks or buckets in my garage so air flows underneath. I also have metal storage baskets that I can just turn upside down and rest the stalks on top. In years past, I’ve also hung my garlic in bunches, secured by twine around the stalks, in the garage. You can braid the stalks to store, as well.

After my garlic has dried, I’ll “clean” it by gently removing dirt and debris, and perhaps one outer dried layer, over a bucket. I’ll trim the long stalk off, so I have a clove like what you’d see at the grocery store. I store my garlic cloves in an egg carton (a trick I learned from Jessica) in my garage. Check out this video of Jessica cleaning and storing her garlic.

What is green garlic?

If you pull your garlic in early spring, you get a crop that is referred to as green garlic. This is the immature bulb. If you do this, you sacrifice the other two harvests of scapes and full heads of garlic. However, what I have done is I have a patch of garlic in one of my raised beds over the last few years. The first year, the garlic was so tiny, it didn’t seem worth harvesting. So I left it in the ground and it came back the following year. Over time it has multiplied.

This means that each spring I have a fresh harvest of green garlic. Out of a clump, I’ll just harvest one or two stalks and leave the other for the following year. Depending on how loose the soil is, it may be hard to simply pull the garlic by hand. A trowel gently placed in the soil from the side can coax a stalk or two loose without breaking it.

I will finely chop the green garlic to use in stir fries or other dishes. Or I’ll whip it into a garlic butter to make garlic bread.

More articles about growing garlic

• • Read all of our garlic-growing advice in our guide
  • Learn about different garlic varieties
  • How far apart to plant your garlic
  • Growing garlic in pots
  • Planting garlic in the spring
  • What to plant after garlic